The Ready to Burn rules
Since 1 May 2021, wood sold in England in quantities under 2 cubic metres must be certified Ready to Burn, meaning a moisture content of 20% or less. It must carry the Ready to Burn logo and a certification number, either on the bag or label or, for loose deliveries, on the paperwork. Larger loads of 2 cubic metres or more can be sold wetter, but they must come with a notice telling you to dry the wood before burning. The firewood scheme is run by Woodsure, appointed by Defra (HETAS runs the equivalent scheme for manufactured fuels). See GOV.UK: selling wood for domestic use.
Hardwood or softwood?
Hardwoods such as ash, oak, beech, birch and fruit wood are dense and burn longer, so they suit wood burners. Softwoods such as pine, spruce and larch light quickly and burn hot but fast, which makes them good kindling. Most local logs from tree surgery are a mix, which is fine as long as they are dry. Wood from trees felled because of ash dieback burns well once seasoned.
Seasoned, kiln-dried or wet?
- Seasoned logs are split and air-dried. Freshly felled hardwood usually needs around two years (the government's notice for large loads says at least two years). Softwood and small split pieces can be quicker.
- Kiln-dried logs are dried in a kiln to a guaranteed low moisture content.
- Wet or green logs straight from felling are cheaper but must be stacked and dried at home for a year or more. Burning them creates smoke and tar, damages stoves and chimneys, and wastes most of the heat.
A cheap moisture meter, pushed into a freshly split face of a log, tells you whether wood is ready. You're looking for 20% or below.
Buying a load
- Ask for the volume in cubic metres and whether it's measured loose or stacked. A loose-tipped load contains less wood than the same volume stacked.
- Ask for the Ready to Burn certification number on loads under 2 cubic metres.
- Check the log length suits your stove.
- Store logs off the ground, covered on top but open at the sides so air can circulate.
Christmas trees
A few tree surgeons and woodland owners also sell Christmas trees in December, often from their own plantations. Ask whether a tree is freshly cut and UK-grown, and look out for the Tenbury Wells holly and mistletoe auctions, which sell Christmas trees too.
Never burn painted, treated or pallet wood indoors. If you live in a smoke control area, you can only burn wood in a Defra-exempt appliance.
